QJHong COVID Model

RMSE=9.0% MAE=7.1% 1-4 week forward forecast

Qi-Jun Hong About Me Twitter CDC

Last updated: May 15, 2022 (Next update: no earlier than Jun 15)

Previous Projections: May25 May29 Jun02 Jun04 Jun05 Jun08 Jun15 Jun19 Jun22 Jun25 Jun29 Jul03 Jul06 Jul10 Jul13 Jul16 Jul20 Jul23 Jul27 Jul31 Aug05 Aug10 Aug17 Aug25 Aug31 Sep10 Sep15 Sep23 Sep28 Oct05 Oct12 Oct20 Oct26 Nov02 Nov06 Nov09 Nov12 Nov16 Nov19 Nov23 Nov30 Dec07 Dec14 Dec21 Dec28 Jan11 Jan19 Jan31 Feb20 Jul12 Jul19 Aug02 Aug15 Aug29 Sep12 Sep26 Oct10 Nov04 Nov18 Dec16 Dec30 Jan13 Jan27 Feb12

Source

This is a personal project and these are my own views.
Creative Commons License
Covid19 Encounter Model by Qi-Jun Hong is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at https://github.com/qjhong/covid19.

Projection summary

States at risk:

Next 30 days

Projection of the Next 60 Days

State Projection:

AK AL AR AZ CA CO CT DC DE FL GA HI IA ID IL IN KS KY LA MA MD ME MI MN MO MS MT NC ND NE NH NJ NM NV NY OH OK OR PA RI SC SD TN TX US UT VA VT WA WI WV WY

Daily new confirmed cases:

Daily new confirmed cases

Total deaths:

Total deaths

Daily deaths:

Daily deaths

Fatality rate Poisson weighted:

Fatality rate Poisson weighted

Reproductive number:

Reproductive number

My Model’s Ranking by Youyang Gu:

YYG’s Evaluation

My Summary

On Nov 2, Youyang Gu slightly changed his ranking method. For transparency, I keep ranking results both before and after the change. (See Nov 02 link at top of page)

If we compare median/mean ranking, my model is at the top of the list, regardless of the change.

Starting the next update, I will post ranking only using the new method (since this is Youyang Gu’s ranking evaluation).

Weekly ranking, 1-6w forward performance

Model Rank

Overall ranking and RMSE/MAE of errors

Rank Summary

Daily Tests and Daily New Cases

(Data source: the COVID Tracking Project)

What is the idea?

UPDATE: Since Oct 12, my model has included more features, in addition to encounter density. XGBoost is employed for regression.

today's "Daily New Confirmed Cases" + today's "Encounter Density" ==> today's newly infected Cases ==> next 2-3 weeks' "Daily New Confirmed Cases"

(Encounter Density D data source: Unacast's Social Distancing Scoreboard, which analyzes cell phone location data, counts "Human Encounters", defined as two cell phone devices that were in the same place at the same time, and then derives the probability and "Encounter Density".)

My model uses current "Encounter Density" D to predict future "Reproductive Number" R and "Daily New Confirmed Cases". This is the most fundamental idea and assumption in this model.

Why "Encounter" data?

Daily New Confirmed Cases data is "outdated". People who get confirmed today were infected days ago through "Human Encounter" with other contagious people, and it took days to develop symptoms, seek tests, and get confirmed (infected -> symptomatic -> tested -> confirmed). In other words, today's "Daily New Confirmed Cases" is outdated data and it can be inferred from past "Daily New Confirmed Cases" data + past "Encounter" data.

Encounter data is up-to-date. Typically yesterday's Human Encounter Density data is available online today. (Encounter Density D data source: Unacast's Social Distancing Scoreboard, which analyzes cell phone location data, counts "Human Encounters", defined as two cell phone devices that were in the same place at the same time, and then derives the probability and "Encounter Density".)

How does it work?

The strong correlation between R and D (D is shifted by ~22 days) is evident in this figure. While social distancing quickly brought down R, easing policy is slowly increasing R back above 1.

Using (1) R and D relation in the past as a training set, (2) future D as input, and (3) machine learning / regression, my model can predict future R, and ultimately future Daily New Cases.

US_R_D_1

Shown in red is "Daily Reproductive Number" R_d, which is obtained through fitting of existing "Daily New Confirmed Cases". By definition, if day 1 daily new cases in N, day 2 number will be N*R_d. Hence, the ultimate goal is to keep R_d under 1.

The black dots are Adjusted Encounter Density D_adj, shifted forward by ~22 days. These two curves are remarkably close. For example, R started to quickly decrease at around 3/20. This coincides with a sudden decrease of D at the end of Feb, ~20 days before. R reached bottom at ~4/15 and stayed at the level till ~5/15. This overlaps with low D between 3/20 to 4/20. The amount of shift is optimized to maximize overlap, and the value is determined as ~22 days. The values are normalized to pre-pandamic levels, so 1.0 means activity level before pandemic hit US.

US_Regression